There is some debate about the actual definition of Peronism, as it has meant different things at different periods of time. Clearly, not everyone is in favor of Peron's politics. In fact, he was sometimes associated with supporting fascist regimes. For example, he stated outright that he supported Benito Mussolini. Of course, many people in Argentina, especially Argentinean Jews, were quite wary of this issue. Additionally, critics feel that Peronism almost destroyed the country on multiple occasions.
However, even though Juan Peron supported Mussolini, he is not believed to be prejudiced against Jews. In fact, during his presidency, he even asked members of Argentina's large Jewish community to be in the government. It was a bit of a contradiction that although Peron supported the Axis powers, he was not anti-Semitic and even supported Jewish rights.
Supporters of Peronism appreciate that it is a populist movement that safeguards the interests of the people as a whole. In theory, Peronism looked to go beyond both capitalistic and socialistic extremes. When he made speeches, they tended to be nationalistic and populist.
Ultimately, Peron lived in exile in Spain. In the 1960's, people continued to support Peromism including organizations like the Peronist Youth, Frete Revolucionario Peronista and Revolutionary Peronist Youth.
The Justicialist Party, often referred to as PJ, is the official Peronist Party today. To many Argentine citizens, the fact that current president Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner supports Peronism is deeply unsettling. However, this party has dominated congress since 1989. It is clear that Peronism has been a huge movement over the years, as Peron was elected to be president three times.
When you plan to attend Spanish classes in Argentina, it is important to understand Peronism, especially since this is likely the most powerful movement in recent history of Argentina. The Peronism movement seeks to assist the poor and working classes, but it is controversial because some people believe that it overreaches and actually becomes fascist. Because the president has been criticized for attempting to increase state control, you will likely encounter people discussing issues surrounding Peronism. The government has also been seen to have a bias against business. When you learn Spanish in Buenos Aires, you will have many opportunities to learn more about Peronism and Argentine politics, no matter what your personal views might be.
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